The fall armyworm belongs to the order Coleoptera, which is native to the tropical and subtropical regions of North and South America and moved to Africa in 2016 and then spread to Asia, Australia, and the Arab region (FAO 2021).

In agriculture, irrigation systems play a fundamental role in ensuring the efficient and sustainable use of water resources for crop production. These systems are designed to deliver water to crops in a controlled way, supplementing natural rainfall and providing the necessary moisture levels for optimal growth. Irrigation technology has evolved significantly over time, ranging from simple techniques like surface irrigation to developed methods such as drip irrigation and sprinkler systems. The purpose of irrigation is not only to provide water directly to plants but also to manage the timing, quantity, and distribution of water effectively. This helps farmers overcome challenges posed by

Agricultural productivity worldwide faces significant challenges due to potassium deficiency, despite soils containing substantial reserves of total potassium. Approximately 90-98% of soil potassium exists in insoluble forms that plants cannot directly absorb, creating a critical limitation in crop nutrition. Conventional agriculture depends heavily on synthetic potassium fertilizers to address this deficiency, but these fertilizers are expensive, environmentally problematic, and derived from finite potash reserves concentrated in only a few geographical regions. The excessive use of potassium fertilizers contributes to soil salinity, nutrient imbalances, and environ

Soil salinity refers to the concentration of soluble salts present in the soil. These salts accumulate over time through various natural and human- induced processes, and when present in high concentrations, they can severely impact agricultural productivity and plant health. The primary measurement used to assess soil salinity is Electrical Conductivity (EC), typically expressed in deciSiemens per meter (dS/m). This measurement works because dissolved salts increase the soil's ability to conduct electrical current; the more salts present, the higher the conductivity reading. Understanding where your soil falls on the salinity spectrum is crucial

You have probably eaten a pasta dish with mushrooms or a pizza with mushrooms, but have you ever looked at mushrooms as a source of health rather than just food? Mushrooms are fungi that have been used by humans for centuries in culinary applications. Currently, more than 2,000 species of mushrooms exist in the wild, but only about 25 species are wildly consumed as food (Valverde et al., 2015). Romans used to call mushrooms “Food of the Gods”, while Chinese people referred to them as “Elixir of Life” due to their various health benefits and medicinal properties (Pardeep K. Khanna & Shivani Sharma, 2013). The aim of this newsletter is to provide a simple and cle

In the quest for sustainable agriculture, biofertilizers have emerged as a game-changer. These natural fertilizers harness the power of microorganisms to enhance soil fertility and plant growth, offering an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fertilizers. When applied biofertilizers to seeds, plant surfaces, or soil, colonize the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promote growth by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant.